新约 - 约翰福音(John)第18章

When he had finished praying, Jesus left with his disciples and crossed the Kidron Valley. On the other side there was an olive grove, and he and his disciples went into it.
Now Judas, who betrayed him, knew the place, because Jesus had often met there with his disciples.
So Judas came to the grove, guiding a detachment of soldiers and some officials from the chief priests and Pharisees. They were carrying torches, lanterns and weapons.
Jesus, knowing all that was going to happen to him, went out and asked them, "Who is it you want?"
"Jesus of Nazareth," they replied. "I am he," Jesus said. (And Judas the traitor was standing there with them.)
When Jesus said, "I am he," they drew back and fell to the ground.
Again he asked them, "Who is it you want?" And they said, "Jesus of Nazareth."
"I told you that I am he," Jesus answered. "If you are looking for me, then let these men go."
This happened so that the words he had spoken would be fulfilled: "I have not lost one of those you gave me."
Then Simon Peter, who had a sword, drew it and struck the high priest's servant, cutting off his right ear. (The servant's name was Malchus.)
Jesus commanded Peter, "Put your sword away! Shall I not drink the cup the Father has given me?"
Then the detachment of soldiers with its commander and the Jewish officials arrested Jesus. They bound him
and brought him first to Annas, who was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, the high priest that year.
Caiaphas was the one who had advised the Jews that it would be good if one man died for the people.
Simon Peter and another disciple were following Jesus. Because this disciple was known to the high priest, he went with Jesus into the high priest's courtyard,
but Peter had to wait outside at the door. The other disciple, who was known to the high priest, came back, spoke to the girl on duty there and brought Peter in.
"You are not one of his disciples, are you?" the girl at the door asked Peter. He replied, "I am not."
It was cold, and the servants and officials stood around a fire they had made to keep warm. Peter also was standing with them, warming himself.
Meanwhile, the high priest questioned Jesus about his disciples and his teaching.
"I have spoken openly to the world," Jesus replied. "I always taught in synagogues or at the temple, where all the Jews come together. I said nothing in secret.
Why question me? Ask those who heard me. Surely they know what I said."
When Jesus said this, one of the officials nearby struck him in the face. "Is this the way you answer the high priest?" he demanded.
"If I said something wrong," Jesus replied, "testify as to what is wrong. But if I spoke the truth, why did you strike me?"
Then Annas sent him, still bound, to Caiaphas the high priest.
As Simon Peter stood warming himself, he was asked, "You are not one of his disciples, are you?" He denied it, saying, "I am not."
One of the high priest's servants, a relative of the man whose ear Peter had cut off, challenged him, "Didn't I see you with him in the olive grove?"
Again Peter denied it, and at that moment a rooster began to crow.
Then the Jews led Jesus from Caiaphas to the palace of the Roman governor. By now it was early morning, and to avoid ceremonial uncleanness the Jews did not enter the palace; they wanted to be able to eat the Passover.
So Pilate came out to them and asked, "What charges are you bringing against this man?"
"If he were not a criminal," they replied, "we would not have handed him over to you."
Pilate said, "Take him yourselves and judge him by your own law." "But we have no right to execute anyone," the Jews objected.
This happened so that the words Jesus had spoken indicating the kind of death he was going to die would be fulfilled.
Pilate then went back inside the palace, summoned Jesus and asked him, "Are you the king of the Jews?"
"Is that your own idea," Jesus asked, "or did others talk to you about me?"
"Am I a Jew?" Pilate replied. "It was your people and your chief priests who handed you over to me. What is it you have done?"
Jesus said, "My kingdom is not of this world. If it were, my servants would fight to prevent my arrest by the Jews. But now my kingdom is from another place."
"You are a king, then!" said Pilate. Jesus answered, "You are right in saying I am a king. In fact, for this reason I was born, and for this I came into the world, to testify to the truth. Everyone on the side of truth listens to me."
"What is truth?" Pilate asked. With this he went out again to the Jews and said, "I find no basis for a charge against him.
But it is your custom for me to release to you one prisoner at the time of the Passover. Do you want me to release 'the king of the Jews'?"
They shouted back, "No, not him! Give us Barabbas!" Now Barabbas had taken part in a rebellion.
约翰福音第十八章   第 18 章 

  犹大在客西马尼园卖主 

  约 18:3> 竟有这许多人来捉拿耶稣,他们是谁? 

  18:3 这些差役可能是圣殿里的差役,他们是犹太人,得到宗教领袖的授权,可以处理一些小事和捉拿犯人。这些士兵则可能是罗马军队的小分队,他们没有亲手逮捕耶稣,却伴随差役,以确保事情不致失去控制。 

  约 18:4-5> 没有严寒,哪有梅花扑鼻香,基督徒的生命会例外吗? 

  18:4-5 耶稣被捕,门徒各人的生命将会大大改变:犹大公然在其他门徒面前出卖耶稣,忠于耶稣的门徒也同时背离祂(参太 26:56 )。这群门徒将要经历严峻的考验,才能转变为满有能力的领袖。 

  约 18:6> 吓得后退?耶稣那么温柔,不会是祂吓着他们吧…… 

  18:6 这些差役和士兵等人可能都被耶稣的勇敢或“我就是”这几个字吓呆了。耶稣这样说就是直截了当地宣称自己就是神(参出 3:14 )。或许他们是被耶稣这掩盖不住的权威压倒了。 

  约 18:10-11> 彼得想凭己力救耶稣,所以他动了手;有时我们也想靠自己…… 

  18:10-11 彼得想保护耶稣,所以拔出佩刀,砍伤了一名差役,但耶稣叫他把刀收入鞘中,让神的计划继续进行。有时候我们会情不自禁地靠自己的能力处事,强使事情尽如己意。试想想,如果彼得能成功地凭己意保护耶稣,那么,神的救赎计划就受到阻挠,所以我们应当对神的计划有信心。 

  约 18:11> 耶稣的“杯”是…… 

  18:11 “杯”是指耶稣为赎世人的罪而将要忍受的苦楚、与神隔绝和死亡。 

  耶稣受审之阶段 

  约 18:12-13> 那些宗教领袖干吗那么心急,迟一点审耶稣都不成吗? 

  18:12-13 纵使当时已是深夜,耶稣还是立刻被带到大祭司的府第,因为那些宗教领袖希望在安息日以前把耶稣处决了,好不影响之后逾越节的庆祝活动。大祭司的府第内有一个庭院,仆人和差役可以在这儿生火取暖( 18:18 )。 

  约 18:13> 亚那和该亚法为一己私欲,连神所托付的也忘了;你不会忘了吧…… 

  18:13 亚那和该亚法都是大祭司。公元 \cs15 6 至 15 年由亚那作大祭司,后来罗马统治者废了他,委任他的女婿该亚法作大祭司(公元 18-36/37 年)。根据犹太人的律法,大祭司是终生的,所以当时很多犹太人仍然以亚那为大祭司,并以这称号称呼他。虽然他在犹太人中仍有很大的权力,但最后的决定权仍然在该亚法的手里。 

  亚那和该亚法都是犹太人的宗教领袖和属灵领袖,他们应该明白神的启示,早就知道耶稣就是经上所说的弥赛亚,本应该带领百姓来归耶稣,可惜,他们只顾自己政治上的野心,连他们带领百姓认识神的本分也扔了,反而千方百计排除异己,为满足私欲,不择手段,甚至不惜杀害神的儿子。 

  约 18:15-16> 除了彼得,还有谁跟着到大祭司那里去? 

  18:15-16 另一个门徒可能就是这部福音书的作者约翰,他认识大祭司,向看门的使女表明身分,就能领彼得进入院子里,但彼得拒绝承认自己是耶稣的门徒。彼得在其后数小时的经历将改变他的一生。 

  约 18:19-24> 没有公平的审讯,耶稣也捱过去;换了你,受了怨屈你会…… 

  18:19-24 耶稣当晚先经过两次私审,然后才被押到犹太公会(参可 14:53-56 )。这些宗教领袖知道自己没有充分理由控告耶稣,所以想捏造证据诬告祂(参可 14:55-59 )。 

  约 18:22-27> 别人不爱主,你感到愤愤不平,是吗?你可有为自己曾使主痛心而愤愤不平? 

  18:22-27 对于犹太公会不公义审判耶稣,我们很容易感到愤愤不平,但彼得和其他门徒也有分使耶稣痛心,他们背离祂,不认祂(参太 26:56-75 )。纵使我们多数不至于像那些宗教领袖,但在生活某些方面或鉴于某些压力下,我们都可能像这些门徒一样,不认基督为我们的主。因此切勿指着别人看似更严重的罪而替自己找藉口,相反,要来到耶稣面前,恳求祂的赦免和医治。 

  约 18:27> 18:27 耶稣在彼得承诺永不背弃祂时所说的预言应验了( 13:38 ;参可 14:31 )。 

  约 18:28> 犹太人虔诚守洁?不进外邦门,心里却密谋杀人…… 

  18:28 根据犹太律法,犹太人若进入外邦人的家便会令自己在礼仪上不洁,直到“洁净”以前都不能在圣殿敬拜或守节。这些人怕因不洁而不能吃逾越节筵席,把耶稣带到彼拉多家去后,只站在外面不敢进去。他们正心怀鬼胎,密谋杀人,但外表上仍佯装敬虔,谨守着宗教礼仪的规矩。 

  约 18:29> 罗马官长彼拉多,他的名字你听过?他的事情你可知? 

  18:29 公元 26 至 36 年彼拉多当罗马政府驻犹太地区的巡抚,耶路撒冷就在他的管辖区内。因为他曾掳掠圣殿的财物去建造输水道,犹太人很不欢迎他;他也不喜欢犹太人。但当犹太人的王耶稣站在他面前时,他却查不出祂有什么罪( 18:38 )。 

  约 18:30> 宗教领袖想利用彼拉多定耶稣的罪,他们不可以自己定吗? 

  18:30 宗教领袖无权把耶稣判死刑,因为只有罗马政府才有判死刑的权力。彼拉多知道宗教领袖憎恨耶稣,也知道跟着会发生什么事,却不想代他们任刽子手,他也认为证据不足,拒绝判耶稣有罪。耶稣的性命就成为政治斗争的棋子。 

  约 18:31-19:16> 彼拉多想别人代他决定对耶稣的态度,你想对待耶稣可以这样吗? 

  18:31-19:16 彼拉多尝试用四种方法处理耶稣这宗案件:( 1 )企图把责任推到别人身上( 18:31 );( 2 )试图找方法逃避,让自己可以释放耶稣( 18:39 );( 3 )尝试妥协,只鞭打耶稣,而不把祂处死( 19:1-3 );( 4 )尝试唤起指控人的同情心( 19:15 )。每个人都有责任决定自己对耶稣抱什么态度,彼拉多却希望让其他人替自己决定,结果他失败了。 

  约 18:32> 18:32 钉十字架通常是处决非罗马人罪犯的刑罚(参太 20:19 )。 

  约 18:34> 牌上面写了“犹太人的王”,对罗马人,对犹太人而言,有不同意思,你可知道? 

  18:34 彼拉多倘若以罗马巡抚身分提出这个问题,便是问耶稣,祂是否正在组织势力反对政府,但犹太人以“王”的称号来称呼他们的弥赛亚。以色列已被罗马帝国统治,敌对的王会威胁到罗马政府,但弥赛亚则可以纯粹指宗教领袖而言。 

  18:36-37 彼拉多直截了当地问耶稣,耶稣也给他清楚的答覆,祂是王,但祂的国不属于这个世界。彼拉多看似毫不怀疑耶稣所说的是真的,且相信祂是清白无罪的,但他显然一方面知道这个真理,另一方面却拒绝接受。不认识真理固然不幸,但若认识真理而不去接受,则更可悲。 

  约 18:38> 人看真理都是相对的,你可知道为什么?我们又如何认定真理? 

  18:38 彼拉多可能认为所有真理都是相对的。对很多政府官员来说,大部分人赞同的,或者有助他们建立个人权力、让他们在政治上跃升的就是真理。如果没有真理的基础,就没有道德的对错,也没有公义。在耶稣和祂的话中,我们得到真理和道德的标准。 

  约 18:40> 人民英雄是巴拉巴?我就不拣选他,我心中的英雄嘛…… 

  18:40 巴拉巴是谋反对抗罗马的暴徒,虽然他曾杀过人,却可能是犹太人心中的英雄。犹太人不满受罗马统治,更怨恨要缴纳税项给他们所鄙视的政府。巴拉巴曾统领叛变,但其后失败,却可获得释放,而惟一能拯救以色列的耶稣却不得释放。 ──《灵修版圣经注释》