新约 - 约翰福音(John)第19章

Then Pilate took Jesus and had him flogged.
The soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns and put it on his head. They clothed him in a purple robe
and went up to him again and again, saying, "Hail, king of the Jews!" And they struck him in the face.
Once more Pilate came out and said to the Jews, "Look, I am bringing him out to you to let you know that I find no basis for a charge against him."
When Jesus came out wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe, Pilate said to them, "Here is the man!"
As soon as the chief priests and their officials saw him, they shouted, "Crucify! Crucify!" But Pilate answered, "You take him and crucify him. As for me, I find no basis for a charge against him."
The Jews insisted, "We have a law, and according to that law he must die, because he claimed to be the Son of God."
When Pilate heard this, he was even more afraid,
and he went back inside the palace. "Where do you come from?" he asked Jesus, but Jesus gave him no answer.
"Do you refuse to speak to me?" Pilate said. "Don't you realize I have power either to free you or to crucify you?"
Jesus answered, "You would have no power over me if it were not given to you from above. Therefore the one who handed me over to you is guilty of a greater sin."
From then on, Pilate tried to set Jesus free, but the Jews kept shouting, "If you let this man go, you are no friend of Caesar. Anyone who claims to be a king opposes Caesar."
When Pilate heard this, he brought Jesus out and sat down on the judge's seat at a place known as the Stone Pavement (which in Aramaic is Gabbatha).
It was the day of Preparation of Passover Week, about the sixth hour. "Here is your king," Pilate said to the Jews.
But they shouted, "Take him away! Take him away! Crucify him!" "Shall I crucify your king?" Pilate asked. "We have no king but Caesar," the chief priests answered.
Finally Pilate handed him over to them to be crucified. So the soldiers took charge of Jesus.
Carrying his own cross, he went out to the place of the Skull (which in Aramaic is called Golgotha).
Here they crucified him, and with him two others--one on each side and Jesus in the middle.
Pilate had a notice prepared and fastened to the cross. It read: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.
Many of the Jews read this sign, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and the sign was written in Aramaic, Latin and Greek.
The chief priests of the Jews protested to Pilate, "Do not write 'The King of the Jews,' but that this man claimed to be king of the Jews."
Pilate answered, "What I have written, I have written."
When the soldiers crucified Jesus, they took his clothes, dividing them into four shares, one for each of them, with the undergarment remaining. This garment was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom.
"Let's not tear it," they said to one another. "Let's decide by lot who will get it." This happened that the scripture might be fulfilled which said, "They divided my garments among them and cast lots for my clothing." So this is what the soldiers did.
Near the cross of Jesus stood his mother, his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.
When Jesus saw his mother there, and the disciple whom he loved standing nearby, he said to his mother, "Dear woman, here is your son,"
and to the disciple, "Here is your mother." From that time on, this disciple took her into his home.
Later, knowing that all was now completed, and so that the Scripture would be fulfilled, Jesus said, "I am thirsty."
A jar of wine vinegar was there, so they soaked a sponge in it, put the sponge on a stalk of the hyssop plant, and lifted it to Jesus' lips.
When he had received the drink, Jesus said, "It is finished." With that, he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.
Now it was the day of Preparation, and the next day was to be a special Sabbath. Because the Jews did not want the bodies left on the crosses during the Sabbath, they asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies taken down.
The soldiers therefore came and broke the legs of the first man who had been crucified with Jesus, and then those of the other.
But when they came to Jesus and found that he was already dead, they did not break his legs.
Instead, one of the soldiers pierced Jesus' side with a spear, bringing a sudden flow of blood and water.
The man who saw it has given testimony, and his testimony is true. He knows that he tells the truth, and he testifies so that you also may believe.
These things happened so that the scripture would be fulfilled: "Not one of his bones will be broken,"
and, as another scripture says, "They will look on the one they have pierced."
Later, Joseph of Arimathea asked Pilate for the body of Jesus. Now Joseph was a disciple of Jesus, but secretly because he feared the Jews. With Pilate's permission, he came and took the body away.
He was accompanied by Nicodemus, the man who earlier had visited Jesus at night. Nicodemus brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds.
Taking Jesus' body, the two of them wrapped it, with the spices, in strips of linen. This was in accordance with Jewish burial customs.
At the place where Jesus was crucified, there was a garden, and in the garden a new tomb, in which no one had ever been laid.
Because it was the Jewish day of Preparation and since the tomb was nearby, they laid Jesus there.
约翰福音第十九章   第 19 章 

  耶稣受审与被钉 

  约 19:1-3> 耶稣受的鞭伤不是普通的鞭…… 

  19:1-3 鞭笞可能会引致受刑者死亡。鞭笞犯人时先脱去受刑者的上衣,把他的双手反绑在柱子上,然后用带有三个钩子的鞭子抽打,鞭打的次数视乎罪的轻重而定,犹太律例规定每次最多只可鞭打四十下(参申 25:3 )。 

  约 19:2-5> 19:2-5 士兵不但听命鞭打耶稣,更戏弄辱骂祂,讥笑祂自称为王。 

  约 19:7> 犹太人要耶稣死,真正的原因是…… 

  19:7 真相终于大白了──这些宗教领袖把耶稣带到彼拉多面前,并非因为祂密谋推翻罗马政府,而是他们认为祂违反了宗教律法。犹太律例中,亵渎神是极严重的罪,犯者要被判死刑。指控耶稣亵渎能叫犹太人信服,指控耶稣叛国能令罗马人信服,他们不理会彼拉多听取哪项指控,只要他肯合作杀死耶稣便行了。 

  约 19:10> 面对逼迫,面不改容,也许我们也要向耶稣请教,是吗? 

  19:10 从整个审判过程中,我们可以见到掌管一切的,不是彼拉多,也不是宗教领袖,而是耶稣。彼拉多一直犹豫不决,犹太领袖因憎恨、愤怒而不能自禁;但耶稣一直态度从容,祂认识真理,明白神的计划,知道自己受审判的真正缘由,面对强权的压力和迫害,仍毫不动摇。其实真正要受审判的是彼拉多和那些宗教领袖,而不是耶稣。你若因信仰被人质疑责难时,要牢记,即或你在控诉者面前受审,他们却要受神的审判。 

  约 19:11> 耶稣这样说不是指彼拉多没有罪吧…… 

  19:11 耶稣说把祂交给彼拉多的人的罪更重,并非指彼拉多屈服于政治压力就无罪,彼拉多也要负起自己判决耶稣的责任,而该亚法和其他宗教领袖由于早已预谋杀害祂,所以罪就更重。 

  约 19:12-13> 遇到棘手的事就委曲求全?我一定不会的──肯定? 

  19:12-13 彼拉多身为罗马驻该地的巡抚,职责是维持该地安定无事。由于罗马不能调派大量军队驻守偏远的区域,所以遇有叛乱,只能立即以武力镇压,控制情况。彼拉多恐怕有人向凯撒报告自己管辖的地区有暴乱,而被革职,甚至丧命;加上犹太人这句话,就更迫使彼拉多让他们处死耶稣。当我们面对棘手的抉择时,可能委曲求全,或不顾一切坚持真理。我们知道什么是该行的善,却不去行,便是犯罪(参雅 4:17 )。 

  约 19:13> 19:13 铺华石是安多尼亚楼的一部分,这楼位于圣殿右院西北角的摩利亚山上。 

  约 19:15> 犹太人为达目的,竟假意顺服罗马政府;人都是这样的吗? 

  19:15 尽管犹太领袖多么憎恨罗马,但急于要铲除耶稣,所以也大喊:“除了凯撒,我们没有别的王!”他们为要抗拒并杀害自己的弥赛亚──他们惟一真正的王,竟然假装效忠罗马,这是多么可悲啊!他们的话定了自己的罪! 

  约翰福音中的真理 

  约 19:17> 凡被钉的都要到那个可怕的髑髅地吗? 

  19:17 这个叫作“髑髅地”或各各他的山可能位于耶路撒冷城外一条大道旁。很多罪犯都在这里行刑,罗马人藉此叫以色列人看见,以杀一儆百。 

  约 19:18> 钉十字架,人说是一项很可怕的刑罚,你知道有多可怕吗? 

  19:18 钉十字架是罗马人设立的刑罚,罪犯要沿着一条大道,背负自己的十字架赴刑场,藉此警戒人民。钉十字架的方法不尽相同:耶稣是被钉在十字架上的,有些人则用绳绑在十字架上。受刑者的体力耗尽,身体的重量会令他们呼吸困难,最终窒息而死。整个受死过程非常缓慢,是一种极残酷恐怖的刑罚。 

  约 19:19> 讥讽的牌子,成了宣告的角色;在人看为可悲,在神…… 

  19:19 这面牌子本来是讥讽耶稣的:一个君王在众目睽睽下被剥光衣服,接受处决,他的王国显然已荡然无存、永不复返。但耶稣总叫这世界的智慧变为愚拙,其实祂刚开始踏入自己的王国。祂的死亡与复活给撒但沉重的一击,永恒的权柄要在地上建立起来。在那个黑暗的下午,看过这面牌子的人虽然不明白其真义,但所写的却是绝对的真理。耶稣没有失去任何东西,祂是犹太人、外邦人、并整个宇宙的王。 

  约 19:20> 他们可真细心,不是吗?你知道那牌子用多少种文字来写? 

  19:20 这牌子用三种文字写出:希伯来文给土生的犹太人看;罗马文给罗马人看;希腊文则给外国人和从外地来的犹太人看。 

  约 19:23-24> 那些士兵在那儿做什么?是分些什么吗? 

  19:23-24 负责钉十字架的罗马士兵通常会把受刑者的衣服据为己有,这些士兵均分耶稣的衣服,但因为里衣是上下一片织成的,是衣服最值钱的部分,所以抽签决定由谁得祂的里衣(参诗 22:18 )。 

  抹大拉的马利亚 

  约 19:25-27> 耶稣要死了,祂仍关心祂的家人;我们时常赋闲,却…… 

  19:25-27 即使在十字架上临死之际,耶稣仍关心祂的家人,叫祂所爱的门徒照顾自己的母亲马利亚。我们的家人是神赐给我们的宝贝,在任何情况下都要看重他们、照顾他们,没有任何事工或职责可以成为疏忽家人的藉口。你今天可以做些什么向家人表示爱意呢? 

  约 19:27> 从来我都很想知道,耶稣所爱的门徒究竟是…… 

  19:27 这时马利亚的丈夫约瑟极可能已经离世,耶稣身为长子,把母亲托付给自己最亲密的朋友──这时仍在十字架旁伴着祂的人。传统认为他就是这部福音书的作者约翰。 

  约 19:29> 19:29 这醋是一种廉价的酒,是罗马士兵在等候被钉犯人死亡时喝的。 

  约 19:30> 耶稣说“成了”,成了什么? 

  19:30 以前,人只有靠重复的献祭制度来赎罪,因罪使人与神隔绝,人要用动物代替自己献祭给神,叫自己可以在神面前罪得赦免,并得洁净,因人不断犯罪,就要经常献祭。耶稣来完成了神的救赎工作( 4:34 ; 17:4 ),担当所有人的罪,替我们受刑,藉着死亡,付了我们犯罪的代价。“成了”就是说“完全偿还”,以后,人不用再靠着重复的献祭制度,单藉着耶稣所成就的救恩,相信耶稣的受死复活,就能越过犯罪死的刑罚,坦然亲近神,永远与神同在。 

  约 19:31> 急急审判,急急埋葬,耶稣已死,何用心急?怕祂再生不成? 

  19:31 把尸体弃置在户外过夜是触犯神的律法的(参申 21:23 ),在安息日,就是在星期五日落后到星期六日落前工作也是犯律法的,所以,那些宗教领袖急着在日落前要把耶稣的尸体取下并埋葬。 

  约 19:31-35> 耶稣也许只是昏过去,有人说,否则何会再醒,你说呢?可以举出证据吗? 

  19:31-35 这些罗马士兵能够凭着多次执行刑罚的丰富经验,知道受刑者是死还是活。他们检查耶稣时,确知祂已死去,就不用像对待其他受刑者那样打断祂的腿。用枪刺祂的肋旁,就是要把祂的心脏刺穿,见到血和水分开了,更进一步证实祂已经死去。有人认为耶稣并没有真正死去,只是晕过去,所以能“苏醒复活”,但我们从这些罗马士兵得到客观证据,证明耶稣确实死在十字架上(参可 15:44-45 )。 

  约 19:32> 我不太明白,钉十字架不是一定死吗?还要打断人家的腿? 

  19:32 罗马士兵为了加速受刑者死亡,会打断他们的腿。人被挂在十字架上,最后会因窒息而死,但可以用腿撑着十字架,承托着自己的身体,从而保持呼吸,推迟死亡时间;腿一旦被打断了,受刑者会即时窒息而死。 

  约 19:34-35> 耶稣死时,约翰定在附近,因为…… 

  19:34-35 约翰福音细致地描绘了耶稣的受死,因为作者是耶稣受死的目击证人。 

  约 19:36-37> 神是信实的,连耶稣的死也证实了这点,你不知道吗? 

  19:36-37 耶稣死时,犹太人正在宰羊羔准备逾越节晚餐,他们不可以折断献祭羊羔任何一根骨头(参出 12:46 ;民 9:12 )。耶稣是神的羔羊,为赎世人的罪成为最完美的祭物(参林前 5:7 )。 

  约 19:38-39> 耶稣的死亡,当时至少改变了四个人;你可有改变? 

  19:38-39 耶稣之死当时令四个人改变了:一个是与耶稣一起被钉十字架的犯人,临死时请求耶稣收纳他到祂的王国里(参路 23:29-43 );另一个是罗马百夫长,他宣称耶稣真是神的儿子(参可 15:39 );再有就是约瑟和尼哥德慕这两个犹太公会的成员,本是耶稣的秘密信徒( 7:50-52 ),现在却不再隐瞒自己的信仰了。这些人在基督死了之后的改变,远较祂在生时为大,因为他们明白祂是谁,相信祂,公开自己的信仰,并付诸行动。我们面对耶稣和祂的死亡时,也应有所改变──相信祂,表明自己的信仰,并付诸行动。 

  约 19:38-42> 有人隐藏基督徒的身分,不明白是为何;可当有利益冲突的时候,你仍会选择信仰吗? 

  19:38-42 亚利马太人约瑟和尼哥德慕暗暗地作耶稣的门徒,因为他们爱惜自己在犹太人社群中的地位。约瑟是公会的领袖,声望甚高;尼哥德慕也是公会的成员,曾于夜里探访耶稣( 3:1 ),其后更曾试图在其他宗教领袖面前为耶稣辩护( 7:50-52 )。他俩不顾名誉,甘愿冒险埋葬耶稣。你是否为隐藏的信徒?如果你仍在向朋友、同事隐瞒自己的信仰,现在就站出来,让别人认识你的信仰吧。 

  约 19:42> 他们赶快埋葬耶稣,只因安息日当前── 

  19:42 这个坟墓可能是山边的岩石凿成的山洞,足够让一个人走进去,所以约瑟和尼哥德慕把耶稣的尸体抬进去,再挪一块大石封住墓口。他们赶快安葬耶稣,是因为星期五日落后便是安息日,不能再工作。 ──《灵修版圣经注释》