旧约 - 以西结书（Ezekiel）第31章

And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the third month, in the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,

Son of man, speak unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, and to his multitude; Whom art thou like in thy greatness?

Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs.

The waters made him great, the deep set him up on high with her rivers running round about his plants, and sent out her little rivers unto all the trees of the field.

Therefore his height was exalted above all the trees of the field, and his boughs were multiplied, and his branches became long because of the multitude of waters, when he shot forth.

All the fowls of heaven made their nests in his boughs, and under his branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young, and under his shadow dwelt all great nations.

Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by great waters.

The cedars in the garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees were not like his boughs, and the chestnut trees were not like his branches; nor any tree in the garden of God was like unto him in his beauty.

I have made him fair by the multitude of his branches: so that all the trees of Eden, that were in the garden of God, envied him.

Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast lifted up thyself in height, and he hath shot up his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height;

I have therefore delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathen; he shall surely deal with him: I have driven him out for his wickedness.

And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the people of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.

Upon his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, and all the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches:

To the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit.

Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day when he went down to the grave I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I restrained the floods thereof, and the great waters were stayed: and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him.

I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to hell with them that descend into the pit: and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, shall be comforted in the nether parts of the earth.

They also went down into hell with him unto them that be slain with the sword; and they that were his arm, that dwelt under his shadow in the midst of the heathen.

To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shalt thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth: thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised with them that be slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.

以西结书第卅一章　　第 31 章　

　　结 31 章 > 从亚述和埃及的兴亡，我们得出哪些结论？　

　　31 章　公元前 587 年神给了以西结这个信息。以西结把埃及比作亚述，并称亚述为一棵巨大的香柏树。埃及人要看到，强大的亚述国的覆灭（其陨落他们曾看到了）就是他们的 \cs15 " 前车之鉴 " 。埃及跟亚述一样为他们自己的强大和美丽而骄傲，这也将导致它的覆灭。埃及将像大树被砍似的彻底倒下，被送到死地。没有什么东西离开了神可以长久的，就是有光辉文化和强大军事力量的国家也如此。　

　　结 31:9> “伊甸园中的树”是指──　

　　31:9　“伊甸园中的树”可能是指其他忌妒亚述的力量与繁荣的国家。　

　　结 31:11> 这人是指──　

　　31:11　“列国中大有威势的人”可能是尼布甲尼撒（参但 2:37-38 ）。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

以西结书第卅一章　　第五次向大树所传的圣谕（卅一 1-18 ）　

　　（编按： 17 节下半英文标准修订本直译应为：那些居住在它的荫下在列国之中的将要死亡。）　

　　第五次攻击埃及的圣谕，是在主前五八七年的夏季传讲的，在前次所传的圣谕（三十 20 ）之后，大约有两个月。就历史的情势而论，当这次圣谕传讲的时候，耶路撒冷正为生存下去作最后几周的挣扎。这些豫言虽然没有直接论到耶路撒冷的命运，却已详细说明了当时的国际危机，圣城的命运必然可以豫料。这次圣谕是特别向法老和他的臣仆所传的（卅一 2 ），直接听他讲话的人，一定如同从前一样，是和这位先知一同被掳的朋友们。　

　　这次豫言是采取一种比喻的形式，来介绍一棵大树（ 3-9 节）。对于那棵树他先以诗句来形容，接，又用散文的体裁叙述他的坠落（ 10-14 节），和下入阴间（ 15-18 节）。　

　　对于那棵大树的描述，即那个比喻的基础，是用诗歌的形式记载的。这一段很可能是独立的，而且当时这种说法非常流行；以西结便采用这十分有名的一段，并为达成他的目的而加以改编。开头即显示，法老的伟大，正像那棵大树（ 2 节）一样。这样一段诗歌的本身，是一种简单的形容，暗示没有批评它的非常高大的题材。回应古时对于伊甸传统的说法，和园中生命树的情形，这首诗所描述的一棵树，好像高达于天。　

　　只有在十节中，当这位先知从描述变为宣告审判的时候，伟大也是一种软弱的来源，才变得更加清楚。非常之高度为伟大的一种，也成为骄傲的内容（ 10 节），所以无可避免，骄傲一旦被证实，那棵树将被砍断（ 12 节）。一度高大的树必要坠落，树枝将被折断，这个教导性的故事，告诉其他的大树，骄傲可能来自高度的成就。　

　　这次豫言后面的部分（ 15-18 ），将这个比喻稍微变更：这时那棵大树已被砍断，必被送入阴间，在那个地方，它要与以往其他的大树同排并列。那个大树的坠落和死亡，将使其他渴望长高的树深感忧虑。我们不妨将这个比喻转换一下，假设那棵大树是埃及，居然已被砍断，并被送入地狱，还有什么树能够安全呢？　

　　藉这个大树的比喻，这位先知用一种新奇而别致的方式，提出几个熟悉的主题。　

　　（一）骄傲导致失败。这个普通主题的两面，在这个比喻中，曾作生动的说明。首先，在比喻的措辞中，一棵高大的树，并没有什么不对的地方；这种对于力量和伟大所持的态度，是很流行的。埃及为这次圣谕所传讲的对象，它是很伟大的；就是这种过于注重自我的伟大，导致变为软弱。其次，骄傲含有轻视别人，正如在比喻中所说的，那棵遭受审判的大树一样，它看不起树林中的那些小树。　

　　在这个世界里面，虽然只有很少人获得成功，而多数人只得到次要形式的伟大。伟大既不是难为情的事情，也不值得骄傲。假如这种事情，藉自大和轻视别人的方式表达，那么，伟大绝对不能保持住。因为真正的伟大，不论是地方上，或国际方面，只有心存谦卑，并且尊重别人，才能继续增长。　

　　（二）强者的灭亡也是弱者的损失。当这棵大树被砍断的时候，所有在它荫下得到益处的，都要蒙受损失。我们无法限定强者灭亡所发生的影响；那不只是个人的悲剧，乃是使别人生命受到冲击的一种灾祸。所以那些得到伟大恩典的人，必须谨慎谦卑，保守他们的地位，因为有许多人的生存，是倚靠他们的。　

　　（三）这个比喻中的大树，象征人类渴慕永恒，渴慕生命的延续，不因死亡中断。假如一个人看见北美洲高大的杉树仍然存活，他可能会感觉到那些树所象征的力量。在杉木国家公园（在美国加州中部）里，那棵‘谢曼将军树’最着名，树龄约为三千五百年，高度有二百七十余尺，树干的直径约为三十六英尺。这么一棵大树，生于现代文明之前，藉一种不可思议的形式，表达人类渴慕永恒。埃及认为，它已经获得这种持久的生命，在较小的规模内，许多人有生之年都寻求这样的永恒。　

　　然而，人的本质是必死的，对于个人和国家，都是同样的。约伯对于此事，具有深切的认识，当一棵树被砍倒的时候，还可以重新发芽，围绕残枝生长；可是当一个人死亡的时候，便没有生命了（伯十四 7-17 ）。那种根深蒂固的希望永恒，此处是以树为代表，但是只有在‘那一位’里面，才可以得到应验，按照使徒保罗所说：祂既然被‘挂在木头上’，因此便除去世人应受的咒诅，并且提供生命的应许（加三 13-14 ）。──《每日研经丛书》　

旧约 - 以西结书（Ezekiel）第31章

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