旧约 - 出埃及记(Exodus)第39章
From the blue, purple and scarlet yarn they made woven garments for ministering in the sanctuary. They also made sacred garments for Aaron, as the LORD commanded Moses. |
They made the ephod of gold, and of blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and of finely twisted linen. |
They hammered out thin sheets of gold and cut strands to be worked into the blue, purple and scarlet yarn and fine linen--the work of a skilled craftsman. |
They made shoulder pieces for the ephod, which were attached to two of its corners, so it could be fastened. |
Its skillfully woven waistband was like it--of one piece with the ephod and made with gold, and with blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and with finely twisted linen, as the LORD commanded Moses. |
They mounted the onyx stones in gold filigree settings and engraved them like a seal with the names of the sons of Israel. |
Then they fastened them on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel, as the LORD commanded Moses. |
They fashioned the breastpiece--the work of a skilled craftsman. They made it like the ephod: of gold, and of blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and of finely twisted linen. |
It was square--a span long and a span wide--and folded double. |
Then they mounted four rows of precious stones on it. In the first row there was a ruby, a topaz and a beryl; |
in the second row a turquoise, a sapphire and an emerald; |
in the third row a jacinth, an agate and an amethyst; |
in the fourth row a chrysolite, an onyx and a jasper. They were mounted in gold filigree settings. |
There were twelve stones, one for each of the names of the sons of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes. |
For the breastpiece they made braided chains of pure gold, like a rope. |
They made two gold filigree settings and two gold rings, and fastened the rings to two of the corners of the breastpiece. |
They fastened the two gold chains to the rings at the corners of the breastpiece, |
and the other ends of the chains to the two settings, attaching them to the shoulder pieces of the ephod at the front. |
They made two gold rings and attached them to the other two corners of the breastpiece on the inside edge next to the ephod. |
Then they made two more gold rings and attached them to the bottom of the shoulder pieces on the front of the ephod, close to the seam just above the waistband of the ephod. |
They tied the rings of the breastpiece to the rings of the ephod with blue cord, connecting it to the waistband so that the breastpiece would not swing out from the ephod--as the LORD commanded Moses. |
They made the robe of the ephod entirely of blue cloth--the work of a weaver-- |
with an opening in the center of the robe like the opening of a collar, and a band around this opening, so that it would not tear. |
They made pomegranates of blue, purple and scarlet yarn and finely twisted linen around the hem of the robe. |
And they made bells of pure gold and attached them around the hem between the pomegranates. |
The bells and pomegranates alternated around the hem of the robe to be worn for ministering, as the LORD commanded Moses. |
For Aaron and his sons, they made tunics of fine linen--the work of a weaver-- |
and the turban of fine linen, the linen headbands and the undergarments of finely twisted linen. |
The sash was of finely twisted linen and blue, purple and scarlet yarn--the work of an embroiderer--as the LORD commanded Moses. |
They made the plate, the sacred diadem, out of pure gold and engraved on it, like an inscription on a seal: HOLY TO THE LORD. |
Then they fastened a blue cord to it to attach it to the turban, as the LORD commanded Moses. |
So all the work on the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting, was completed. The Israelites did everything just as the LORD commanded Moses. |
Then they brought the tabernacle to Moses: the tent and all its furnishings, its clasps, frames, crossbars, posts and bases; |
the covering of ram skins dyed red, the covering of hides of sea cows and the shielding curtain; |
the ark of the Testimony with its poles and the atonement cover; |
the table with all its articles and the bread of the Presence; |
the pure gold lampstand with its row of lamps and all its accessories, and the oil for the light; |
the gold altar, the anointing oil, the fragrant incense, and the curtain for the entrance to the tent; |
the bronze altar with its bronze grating, its poles and all its utensils; the basin with its stand; |
the curtains of the courtyard with its posts and bases, and the curtain for the entrance to the courtyard; the ropes and tent pegs for the courtyard; all the furnishings for the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting; |
and the woven garments worn for ministering in the sanctuary, both the sacred garments for Aaron the priest and the garments for his sons when serving as priests. |
The Israelites had done all the work just as the LORD had commanded Moses. |
Moses inspected the work and saw that they had done it just as the LORD had commanded. So Moses blessed them. |
出埃及记第卅九章
第 39 章
出 39:1-21> 圣袍、以弗得、胸牌都有什么意义──
39:1-21 祭司每天都穿着礼服进入会幕。大祭司袍子上的以弗得和胸牌,不但美观,并且很有意义。以弗得好像背心,穿在袍子外面;胸牌则连在以弗得上面(故有时称以弗得也包括胸牌),系在它的环子上。胸牌是用彩色的细麻线织成的大约 23 公分正方的牌子,前面镶有十二块宝石,每块刻有一个支派的名字。这表示大祭司在神面前代表以色列全族。胸牌上也有口袋,里面装有乌陵和土明,大祭司使用它向神求问,以确定神为全族所定的旨意。
出 39:32> 事无巨细,创造主一一关怀,我……
39:32 会幕的一切都依照神吩咐摩西的规格做好了。神极其留意每个细微的部分。这一位创造宇宙的主宰,甚至关心到微小的事项。耶稣曾说连我们的头发也都被数过(参太 10:30 )。所以尽管把你所关心的一切事,不管看来是多么微不足道的,都一一向祂倾吐吧!
出 39:42> 摩西是个成功的领袖,作领导的你学到什么功课?
39:42 摩西学到了人事管理的宝贵功课。他把重要的任务交给别人,并信任他们去完成工作。伟大的领导人,像摩西一样,下达计划与指示后,让别人参与同工;如果你是领导人,也要同样信靠你的助手,让他们负起重要的责任。
出 39:43> 你有工作计划和成果检验吗?有赏罚制度吗?
39:43 摩西眼见照着神吩咐的样式造的会幕已大功告成,就给百姓祝福。良好的领导人会查看自己所指派的工作,嘉奖优秀的工作人员。不管你居于什么地位,对工作总要认真检查,看是否按照你所计划的完成了,并且要感谢给予帮助的人。──《灵修版圣经注释》
出埃及记第卅九章
照主样式(三十九 1 ~ 43 )
比撒列为所有祭司和亚伦缝制“精致的衣服”后,便完成了圣所一切的准备工作( 32 )。他们将一切制成品呈献在摩西面前,作最后的检查,然后摩西就祝福一切匠工( 33 ~ 43 )。
请特别注意:这一切圣所的物品,都不是匠工随己意而作的,乃是“照耶和华所吩咐”而制作完成的;“照耶和华所吩咐的”这句话在本章中出现了八次( 1 、 5 、 7 、 21 、 26 、 31 、 32 、 42 ),而在四十章亦出现了八次( 16 、 19 、 21 、 23 、 25 、 27 、 29 、 32 ),可见圣所里的每一部分和各项目都是出于神的意思,正如希伯来书作者说:“帐幕是主所支的,不是人所支的。”(来八 2 )在神要显示祂自己的时候,每一件东西都“必须”照祂所吩咐的去作。神整个救赎计划都是祂“独出匠心”的设计,基督便照这计划来完成神对世人所施行的救赎大工。
这也给我们看见,我们的“身子”既是圣灵的殿(林前三 16 ,六 19 ),我们就必须照祂为我们所定的样式而行。“遵守神命令的,就住在神里面,神也住在他里面。”(约壹三 24 )神亦将祂的圣灵赐给“顺从之人”(徒五 32 )。
祈祷 求主将要我怎样行的样式指示我,并帮助我事事都能照的旨意而行。 ──《新旧约辅读》
出埃及记 第卅九章 注释
1-31 制造祭司圣衣
(参 28:1-43)。这段与28章的记载有一些明显的分别,例如这里只提 到「胸牌」,不再用「决断的胸牌」一名;这段也没有提及「乌陵和
土明」(参 28:30) ,或许乌陵和土明是自然界原有物体,不须用人 工制造,故没有在此提及。这两段其余的资料大致相同。
3 解释以色列人制作金线的方法,确是巧夺天工。
32-43 一切工作完成,转交摩西
作者再强调他们所造的每一件器具,都是「照耶和华所吩咐摩西作的」。
43 摩西看见一切工作都美好地完成,就给百姓祝福。
思想问题(第 39)
1 36-39章所记载的制作过程,牵涉今日的那些行业呢?
我们有否让从事这些行业的信徒在教会中发挥所长呢?
2 这几章圣经强调比撒列和亚何利亚伯技艺不凡。
但他们并没有隐瞒「秘方」,而是把技术传授他人( 35:34)。
今天,你若有某些特别见地或技俩,是否愿意为了事奉神的缘故而公诸於世,即使受业者青出於蓝亦在所不计?
3 比撒列和亚何利亚伯名垂千古,可是在他们手下事实上有许许多
多的无名英雄,默默地献出心血和时间来制作会幕的各种物件。
你愿否效法他们的榜样?
4 比撒列等人所造的圣衣,是为亚伦和他的儿子们作的,表面看来
只加增他人的荣耀,对自己毫无作用。
事实上这看法是否正确?
是什麽促使他们「为他人作嫁衣裳」?
这对今天教会内信徒与长执、传道人的关系有何启发?
5 宗教改革家兼神学家加尔文认为 43节的「祝福」表示耶和华已悦
纳了百姓所作的工。
你同意这种说法吗?
新约的「祝福」是什麽意思呢?
与旧约有异同之处吗?
6 有人认为神叫人建造会幕,是要表明 是永远与人在一起的。
你同意这种说法吗?
出埃及记第卅九章
亚伦袍服的制造(卅九 1-31 )
请参看廿八章的注释──祭司圣衣(Ⅱ) 。对于有几节,特别提及上帝所给的指示得到遵循了。这大抵是因为制造衣服,比制造大的物品容易按样式作之故。──《每日研经丛书》
七.准备祭司的圣衣(三九)
三九1~7 我们来看准备祭司的圣衣。颇为令人瞩目,一开始便重覆提及四个颜色。有认为这些颜色代表基督各种荣耀,象四福音彰显基督的荣耀:紫色——马太福音——王;朱红色——马可福音——受苦的仆人;白色——路加福音——无罪的人子;蓝色——约翰福音——神子从天到地上来。以弗得上的金线代表基督的神性(3节)。以弗得每条肩带都有一块红玛难,上面有以色列六个儿子的名字。
三九8~21 胸牌上有十二块宝石,分别代表以色列的十二个支派(10~14节)。可见它与我们的伟大的祭司相同。福音传道者白彼得形容得非常美丽:“他在神面前,用肩膀的力量,还有心里的慈爱,怀抱着神子民的名字。”
三九22~26 以弗得的外袍是以弗得下面的蓝色衣服。袍子底边上有精金的铃档,还有蓝色、紫色、朱红色的石榴。这些东西代表属灵的果子和见证,可以从我们伟大的大祭司身上找到。我们也当结出果子,为神作见证。
三九27~29 细麻布的内袍是祭司先穿上的衣服(利八7),然后是荣耀的衣服。神先替悔改的罪人穿上他自己的公义(林后五21)。主耶稣回来的时候,便要替他的子民穿上荣耀的衣服(腓三20,21),公义在荣耀之前。
三九30~31 祭司圣冠上的金牌,按刻图书之法刻上“归耶和华为圣”,好使他能担当干犯圣物的罪(出二八38)。我们虽被罪污染,但在我们来敬拜和事奉父神之前,我们的大祭司已洗净我们一切的暇疵。
三九32~43 以色列人作完一切的工作,并把会幕的各部分送给摩西看,他便去检查,发现一切工作都完全按神的吩咐作成了。摩西……就给他们祝福。
摩西在建造和立起会幕的事上,小心翼翼地连最小的细节都遵照神的指示。在这章圣经中,“是照耶和华所吩咐摩西的”,这句话一共说了七次(1、5、7、21、26、29、31)。它提醒我们,神圣的工作,必须按照神圣的样式,并须遵行神圣的法则。神极其留意每个细微的部分。这一位创造宇宙的主宰,甚至关心到微小的事项。耶稣曾说连我们的头发也都被数过(参太十30)。所以尽管把你所关心的一切事,不管看来是多么微不足道的,都一一向他倾吐吧!
出埃及记 39:1
出埃及记第卅九章
三十九 1 ~ 31. 祭司圣衣的制造
1. 是照耶和华所吩咐摩西的 。如上面所述,这句话好像宏亮的副歌般,在本章重复了七次之多,下一章又再度重复七次。故意重复的用意,很明显是强调摩西准确而详细地,顺服了神命令中的每个细节。
3. 把金子锤成薄片,剪出线来 。这技巧是个有趣的细节(旧约其他地方没再提及)。它解释了以色列织造祭司衣料时,使之更显华美的金线。
8. 胸牌 。虽然其他讨论和前面大同小异,本段却不提及“乌陵和土明”;盛载乌陵土明的胸牌则有详细的解释。不提这两块求问用石头的原因,可能因为它是天然物件,不用制造。参较建筑耶和华祭坛所用的石头,也必须是天然石块(出二十 25 ),不得经过人手雕琢。
30. 圣冠上的牌 。这个用蓝紫色的带子系于祭司裹头巾上,刻“归耶和华为圣”的金“花”或牌子,在此形容为“王 冠 ”(参出二十八 36 、 37 )。其重要性和外貌,都因这称呼更加显然。本节的希伯来文又可表示金牌和带子合起来才称为“王冠”。由于带子相当于古代近东帝王的“带状王冠”,这说法亦有可能。
三十九 32 ~ 43. 工成检定
各样工作都已完成,如今(在四十章扎帐奉献之前)一一经由摩西审核,就如创世记二章 19 节各种飞禽走兽带到亚当面前,由他审核命名一样。
38. 金坛 。从所用的材料看,必然是指较小的香坛。同样,从用料又可看出:下一节的“铜坛”才是献祭用的大坛。
43. 摩西看见一切的工作……就给他们祝福 。本节大概是故意引人联想创世记一章 31 节。摩西审查工作,看见是遵照神命造成,便视之为“好”,并且祝福。从某种意义而言,这也是新的创造(参林后五 17 ),因为敬拜神的以色列今日诞生。
31 “会幕”此时尚未建成,所指的必然是早时较简单的“帐棚”,和合本用了“会幕”一词,不准确。──《丁道尔圣经注释》
第三十九章
39:1-31 参28:43。
39:31-43 会幕建成,送到摩西那里,摩西为百姓祝福,因为他们全力奉献,忠心完成圣工。